INES2: Infrastructure for Norwegian Earth System Modelling phase 2

Climate change poses rapidly growing environmental impacts and risks, which have fundamental implications for ecosystems and society. Limiting further growth in these risks requires global net-zero emissions, but realising this goal - both globally and for Norway’s contribution - will require transformation across all industries and sectors. Robust knowledge about how this transformation can be realised in the context of a rapidly changing climate will be pivotal for ensuring its success, and for informing the consequences of failure. These challenges call for a new generation of Earth System Models (ESMs), building on existing platforms but refining representation of the mitigation and adaptation challenges facing Norway and the wider world, resolving the joint consequences of emissions reductions, carbon capture and land use mitigation strategy for regional and global scale impacts, including tail risks of potentially catastrophic events.