DigiMon - Digital Monitoring of CO2 storage projects

Whilst a number of demonstration projects have shown the feasibility of CCS, operations need to be cost effective and easily scalable in size and number.

A key component in the operation of any CCS project is measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV), which must demonstrate that projects are planned and executed in a societally acceptable manner and ensure safety and containment of injected CO2. Analogue / digital sensors and single purpose systems are available for CO2 monitoring and detection, providing accurate and comprehensive measurements with a significant range of resolution and uncertainties. This is often at prohibitive costs, and seldom in combined systems.

A key scientific challenge is to deploy a cost-effective optimal combination of technologies that can reduce the uncertainties, collectively improving the probability of successfully verifying containment or detecting breach in CO2 barriers.

The overall objective of the DigiMon project was to “accelerate the implementation of CCS by developing and demonstrating an affordable, flexible, societally embedded and smart Digital Monitoring early-warning system”, for monitoring any CO2 storage reservoir and subsurface barrier system, receiving CO2 from fossil fuel power plants, oil refineries, process plants and other industries

Sub-objectives for the DigiMon project included:

1. Provide a system for monitoring the CO2 plume and identify and provide early-warning of actual or potential breaches in the subsurface barriers.
2. Provide a flexible and interchangeable system with respect to the environment (offshore or onshore) and new system components provided by market-driven technology development.
3. Provide a societally relevant monitoring system that addresses the views and worries of various stakeholder groups and citizens.
4. Provide knowledge communication and dissemination to the public and policy makers.

Physical parameters that are influenced by migration and saturation of CO2 outside the predicted flow path can be measured using a variety of geophysical methods, including acoustic, electro-magnetic (EM) and gravity measurements. The DigiMon concept focused on geophysical monitoring

The DigiMon project assembled a strong international and interdisciplinary consortium with leading research institutions and industry from Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom, USA, Romania and Greece, with professional capabilities and skills from both natural and social sciences.

The innovation of the DigiMon approach lies in the integration of a broad range of technologies for MMV at CO2 storage sites (i.e. distributed fibre-optic sensing technology (DxS), seismic point sensors and gravimetry).

The DigiMon project has involved development and integration of system components that are available at intermediate to high Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and raising them to a uniformly high TRL.

DigiMon has also succeeded in bridging technology and social science research, particularly through development of the Societal embeddedness Level (SEL) methodology for evaluating social readiness or maturity of CCS projects.

WP1: Critical technology elements

WP objective: Improved knowledge of accuracy and sensitivity of technologies (DAS, DCS, gravimetry) for monitoring of CO2 storage.

Specific results achieved in WP1 the project include:

• Development of modelling techniques to produce synthetic DAS data and advanced workflows to detect and locate microseismicity recorded on fibre-optic cables.
• Development of DAS data workflows for microseismic monitoring and assessment of ambient noise interferometry methods using DAS.
• Improved TRL and monitoring efficiency of critical DigiMon system components including gravity, seismic and chemical sensing technology.
• The successful completion of fieldwork in Norway, at the Svelvik test site, and Canada, at the Field Research Station (FRS) test site in Alberta.

WP2: Integrating the components

WP objective: Improved understanding of work flows for addressing uncertainties related to integration of multiple data types at various resolution in a common monitoring system.

The work performed has achieved the expected outcome of WP2, more specifically, WP2 has provided the following main results:

• A unified framework for forward modelling the data response of the various system components on a generic CCS site reflecting challenges associated with large-scale CO2 storage offshore

• Further developments of methodology for the integrated interpretation and uncertainty quantification of the system data responses for monitoring large-scale CCS projects
• Inversion framework set up for selected case Smeaheia, including conventional seismic, DAS, 4D gravity, and seafloor deformation data
• Concept report and field trial for cross-well seismic tomography combining conventional and DAS measurements (with different cable designs) using active seismic and ambient noise
• A technical readiness assessment providing

• Identification of critical technology elements (CTEs) for monitoring carbon capture and storage projects.

• Objective scoring of the level of technology maturity for each CTE.
• A report documenting the findings of the assessment.

• Methodology for assessing the separate and joint use of seismicity and induced static strains to calibrate our predictions of geomechanical risks (e.g., induced seismicity) in the context of CCS.
• Recommendations on communication platforms and data standards to facilitate autonomous operations, high-performance computing, and the integration of large data sets
• A demonstration of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for optimising the monitoring solution. AHP is a structured and transparent framework for decision-making bringing together technical, economic, and social aspects into a holistic approach for system design

WP3: Designing a human centered monitoring system

WP objective: Improved framework for evaluating and embedding CCS technology developments in a societal framework

1. D.1.1 add 1. DAS field dataset to compare technologies and deployment scenarios - Antarctica Dataset. Kendall, J-M., Kufner, S., Brisbourne, A., Butcher, A. 2020
2. D.1.1 add 2: DAS field dataset to compare technologies and deployment scenarios CaMI Field Research Station, Canada. Butcher, A., Vandeweijer, V., Kendall, J-M., Zhou, W., Stork, A. 2021.
3. D.1.1 add 3: Cross hole seismic experiment with DAS/DTS data - Svelvik CO2 field lab. Thomas, P.J. Stork, A., Fechner, T., Koedel, U., Butcher, A. 2021.
4. D.1.1 add 4: Data from lab-scale experiments of fibre optic vibration measurement. Thomas, P.J., Heggelund, Y., Paap, B., Mellors, R., Pitarka, A., Matzel, E., Butcher, A. 2021.
5. D.1.2: DAS dataset suitable for microseismic and ANI analysis. Paap, B., Mellors, R., Stork, A., Butcher, A., Kendall, J-M. 2020.
6. D.1.3: DAS synthetic dataset. Baird, A.F., Mellors, R., Paap, B., Vanderweijer, V., Verdal, A., Butcher, A., Stork A.. 2020.
7. D.1.4: DAS preprocessing workflow. Butcher, A., Hudson, T., Baird, A., Mellors, R., Stork, A. 2020
8. D.1.5: DAS Processing Algorithms. Butcher, A., Hudson, T., Zhou, W., Lapin S., Kendall, J-M., Baird, A. 2021.
9. D.1.6: DAS Processing Workflow. Butcher, A., Zhou, W., Baird, A., Boullenger, B., Paap, B., Vanderweijer, V., Hudson, T., Kendall, J-M., Stork, A. 2021.
10. D.1.7: Project report on capabilities of new SV-wave source. Ködel, U., Fechner, T. 2021.
11. D.1.8: Feasibility of using distributed chemical sensing for CO2 leakage monitoring. Bond, T. 2021.
12. D.1.9: Improved algorithms to aquire and process gravity and deformation data. Fageraas, B., Lien., M., Ruiz, H. 2021.
13. D.1.10: A Roadmap for Commercial Delivery and Implementation of WP1 outcomes. Butcher, A., Lapins, S., Stork, A., Kendall, J.-M., Vandeweijer, V., Lien, M., Thomas, P.J., Ködel, U., Theim, L., Bond, T., Mendrinos, D. 2022.
14. D.1.11: Project report on WP1 outcomes relevant to other WP. Stork, A., Butcher, A., Zhou, W., Kendall, J.-M., Hudson, T., Paap, B., Boullenger, B., Vandeweijer, V., Lien, M., Fageraas, B., Thomas, P.J., Ködel, U., Theim, L., Landrø, M., Bond, T., Mendrinos, D. 2021.
15. D.1.12: WP1 results summary report suitable for policy makers. Butcher, A., Lapins, S., Stork, A., Kendall, J.-M., Vandeweijer, V., Lien, M., Thomas, P., Ködel, U., Theim, L., Bond, T., Mendrinos, D. 2023
16. D.1.13: Critical technology elements (WP1) Final report. Stork, A.,Butcher, A., Zhou, W., Lapins, S., Kendall, J.-M., Hudson, T., Paap, B., Boullenger, B., Vandeweijer, V., Lien, M., Fageraas, B., Thomas, P.J., Ködel, U., Fechner, T., Theim, L., Landrø, M., Bond, T., Mendrinos, D. 2023
17. D.1.14: Report on Optimization of Seafloor Deployments for Permanent Reservoir Monitoring. Landrø, M., Theim, L. 2021.
18. D.2.1: Framework for forward modelling of the DigiMon data. Vanderweijer, V., Paap, B., Candela, T., Bhakta, T., Lien, M. 2021.
19. D.2.2: Concept description for the use of fibre-optic measurements for seismic tomography. Thomas, P.J., Heggelund, Y., Ködel, U., Fechner, T., Butcher, A. 2021.
20. D.2.3: TRA of DigiMon components. Vanderweijer, V., Ködel, U., Lien, M., Bond, T., Candela, T., Zhou, W., Butcher, A., Kendall, J.-M., Stork, A., Mellors, R. 2022.
21. D.2.4: Examination & interpretation of the seismic tomography data in respect to "up-lift" phenomena and stress induced anisotropy. Ködel, U., Fechner, T. 2022.
22. D.2.5: Project report and algorithms for integrated inversion of individual DigiMon data components. Bhakta, T., Mannseth, T., Lien., M., Paap, B., Vandeweijer, V. 2022.
23. D.2.6: Recommendations on communication platform and data standards to facilitate autonomous operations, high performance computing and the integration of large data sets. Løvheim, L., Åsgard, K. 2021.
24. D.2.7: Project report and algorithms for optimizing acquisition layout and frequency. Mellors, R., Pitarka, A., White, J., Lien, M. 2022.
25. D.2.8:
26. D.2.9: Project report on seismic tomography data interpretation and conceptual model for integrating DAS into borehole seismic tomography surveying. Ködel, U., Fechner, T. Stork, A. 2022.
27. D.2.10: WP2 final report. Paap, B., Candela, T., Vandeweijer, V., Mendrinos, D., Vladut, G., Thiem, L., Landrø, L., Mellors, R., Mannseth, T., Bhakta, T., Thomas, P.J., Heggelund, Y., Stork, A., Lien, M., Fageraas, B., Løvheim, L., Åsgard, K., Ködel, U. 2023.
28. D.3.1: Guideline Societal Embeddedness Assessment. Geerdlink, T., Sprenkeling, M., Slob, A., Puts, H. 2020.
29. D.3.2: Report on the outcome of the Societal Embeddness Level Assessment in four countries: Norway, the Netherlands, Greece and Germany. Mendrinos , D., Polyzou, O., Nordø, Å., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Geerdink, T., Puts, H., Otto, D. 2021
30. D.3.3. Stakeholder perceptions and preferences regarding monitoring CO2 storage and its contribution to optimizing the societal embeddedness of CO2 storage projects. Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Langefeld, A., Bijvoet, J. , Otto, D. Nordø, A., Veland, S., Karytsas, S., Mendrinos , D., Polyzou, O. 2022
31. D.3.4. On the Organisation of Translation - Am Inter- and Transdisciplinary Approach to Developing Design Options for CO2 Storage Monitoring Systems. Otto, D., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Nordø, Å.D., Mendrinos , D.,Karytsas, S., Veland, S., Polyzou, O., Lien, M., Heggelund, Y., Gross, M., Piek, P., Puts, H. 2022 published as scientific paper.
32. D.3.5: Best practices for developing a human centered monitoring system for CO2 storage projects through a collaborative and interdisiplinary research approach. Sprenkeling, M., Otto, D., Nordø, Å.D., Karytas, S., Mendrinos , D., Polyzou, O. 2022
33. D.4.9: DigiMon Final Report. Nøttveit, A., Midttømme, K., Stork, A., Lien, M., Puts, H. 2023.

Bhakta, T., Paap, B., Vandeweijer, V., Lien, M., Mannseth, T. Assessment of various geophysical data types for cost-efficient monitoring of CO2 sequestration. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. In review 2023.

Boullenger B., Paap, B., Vandeweijer, V., Butcher, A. Turning distributed acoustic sensing measurements into calibrated ground motion responses using co-located geophones: application to a downhole seismic experiment. In prep. 2023.

Brisbourne, A.,Kendall, J.-M., Kufner, S., Hudson,T., Smith, S. 2021: Downhole distributed acoustic seismic profiling at Skytrain Ice Rise, West Antarctica. The Cryosphere Discuss, 15, 3443–3458, 2021.

Hudson, T., Baird,A., Kendall, J.-M., Kufner, S., Brisbourne, A., Smith, A., Butcher, A., Chalari, A., Clarke, A. 2021: Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for natural microseismicity studies: A case study from Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126, e2020JB021493.

Lapins, S., Butcher, A., Kendall, J. M., Hudson, T. S., Stork, A. L., Werner, M. J. DAS-N2N: Fully automated end-to-end denoising of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) signal denoising without clean data. In prep 2023.

Mendrinos, D., Karytsas, D., Polyzou, O., Karytsas, C., Nordø, Å.D., Midttømme, K., Otto, D., Gross, M., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Geerdink, T., Puts, H. 2022: Understanding societal requirements of CCS projects: Application of the Societal Embeddedness Level assessment methodology in 4 national case studies. Clean Technologies 4(4):893-907.

Otto, D., Gross, M. 2021: Stuck on coal and persuasion? A critical review of carbon capture and storage communication. Energy Research & Social Science.

Otto, D., Thoni, T., Wittstock, F., Beck, S. 2021: Exploring Narratives on Negative Emissions Technologies in the Post-Paris Era. Frontiers in Climate 2021.

Otto, D., Pfeiffer, M., de Brito, M. M., Gross, M. 2022: Fixed Amidst Change: 20 Years of Media Coverage on Carbon Capture and Storage in Germany. Sustainability, 14 (12), 7342 2022.

Otto, D., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Nordø, Å.D., Mendrinos, D., Karytsas, S., Veland, S., Polyzou, O., Lien, M., Heggelund, Y., Piek, P., Gross, M., Puts, H. 2022: On the Organisation of Translation—An Inter- and Transdisciplinary Approach to Developing Design Options for CO2 Storage Monitoring Systems. Energies, 15 (15), 5678.

Taweesintananon, K., Landrø, M., Brenne, J.K., Haukanes, A. 2021: Distributed acoustic sensing for near-surface imaging using submarine telecommunication cable: A case study in the Trondheimsfjord, Norway. Geophysics, Volume 86, Issue 5, 2021.

Zhou, W., Butcher, A., Brisbourne, A.M., Kufner, S-K., Kendall, J.-M. Stork, A. 2022: Seismic Noise Interferometry and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS): Inverting for the Firn Layer S-Velocity Structure on Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127, e2022JF006917.

Baird, A. 2020: Modelling the Response of Helically Wound DAS Cables to Microseismic Arrivals. First EAGE Workshop on Fibre Optic Sensing, Amsterdam.

Bhakta, T., Mannseth. T, Lien, M. 2021: Monitoring of CO2 saturation plume movement from time-lapse inverted-seismic and gravity data using an ensemble-based method 82nd EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam.

Bhakta, T., Paap, B., Vanderweijer, V. Mannseth, T. 2022: Modeling approach for evaluating time-lapse effects of CO2 storage on particle velocity and strain rate data. SEG/AAPG International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy.

Bond T., Chang, A., Sahota, S., Arteag, J., Heyrich, M., Delmas, W., Tumkur, T., Khitrov, V. 2022: Distributed chemical sensing for CO2 leakage monitoring. 16th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies GHGT-16

Butcher, A., Hudson, T., Kendall, J.-M., Kufner, S., Brisbourne, A., Stork, A. 2021: Radon transform-based detection of microseismicity on DAS networks: A case study from Antarctica. Second EAGE Workshop on Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing.

Butcher, A., Zhou, W., Kendall, J.-M., Stork, A., Vandeweijer, V., Macquet, M., Lawton, D. 2022: Near-surface monitoring of CO2 storage sites: Case study from CaMI FRS. EAGE Asia Pacific Workshop on CO2 Geological Storage, Perth, Australia, 22-25 August 2022.

Butcher, A., Zhou, W., Vandeweijer, V., Lapins, S., Kendall, J.-M., Boullenger, B., Paap, B., Broman, B., Stork, A., Macquete, M., Lawton, D. 2022: Monitoring CO2 injection at CAMI FRS using Distributed Acoustic Sensing networks. 16th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies GHGT-16.

Hudson, T., Baird, A., Kendall, J.-M. Kufner, S., Brisbourne, A., Smith, A., Butcher, A., Chalari, A., Clarke, A. 2021: Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Antarctica: What we can learn for studying microseismicity elsewhere Second EAGE Workshop on Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing.

Hudson, T., Butcher, A., Baird, A., Kendall, J.-M., Kufner, S.K., Brisbourne, A., Smith, A., Stork, A., Chalari, A., Clarke, A. 2021: Antarctic icequakes shed light on the applicability of DAS for microseismic monitoring. SSA Seismological Society of America Annual Meeting.

Kendall, J.-M., Brisbourne, A., Hudson, T., Kufner,S. K., Butcher, A., Smith, A., Chalari, A., Clarke, A. 2020: Interrogating the cryosphere using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS): examples of active and passive surveys in West Antarctica. AGU Annual Fall Meeting.

Kendall, J. -M., Brisbourne, A., Hudson, T., Kufner, S., Butcher, A., Baird, A., Smith, A., Chalari, A., Clarke, A. 2021: Listening to Ice Sheets - Fibre Optic Cables as Seismic Sensors in the Antarctic (Keynote) Second EAGE Workshop on Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing.

Koedel U., Fechner,T., Gross, M. 2020: DigiMon- Digital Monitoring of CO2 storage projects 80. Annual Meeting of the German Geophysical Society.

Koedel, U., Stork, A., Thomas, P. J., Zhou,W., David, A., Maurer, H., Soeding, H., Fechner, T. 2022: Seismic Cross-hole Surveying to Monitor a CO2 Injection at the Svelvik Test-site in Norway16th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies GHGT-16.

Lien, M., Goertz, A., Vassvåg, S. C., Ward, C., Ackers, M., Pujol, T., Fletcher, A. 2023: Feasibility of 4D microgravimetric monitoring of a CO2 flood in a depleted gas reservoir. Energy Geoscience Conference (EGC)

Mendrinos, D., Polyzou, O., Karytsas, S., Nordø, Å. D., Midttømme, K., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Geerdink, T., Puts, H., Otto, D. 2022: Understanding societal requirements of subsurface resources exploitation projects: Societal Embeddedness Level assessment methodology, its application in 4 CCS National case studies and implications for the geothermal industry. European Geothermal Congress 2022,

Midttømme, K., Nøttveit, A., Holstad, M. B., Stork, A., Lien, M., Puts, H. 2020: Digital monitoring of CO2 storage projects (DigiMon). Nordic Geological Winter Meeting 2020.

Nøttveit, A., Midttømme, K., Stork, A., Lien, M., Puts, H. 2021: Digital monitoring of CO2 storage projects (DigiMon) Climit 2021 Digits.

Nøttveit, A., Lien, M., Midttømme, K., Puts, H., Stork, A. 2021: Digital monitoring of CO2 storage projects (DigiMon) 15th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. GHGT-15.

Nøttveit, A., Lien, M., Midttømme, K., Puts, H., Stork, A. 2021: DigiMon SPE Virtual Workshop: Offshore CCUS - The Size of the Prize and the Way Forward.

Otto, D., Gross M. 2020: Pushed, Opposed, Cancelled!? – The Fates of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects across Europe. EASST/4S 2020 conference.

Otto, D., Gross, M. 2020: Policy Interaction, Governmental Commitment and Public Perception – The Case of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). ECPR General Conference 2020.

Otto, D. 2020: Building Trust in Technologies for a Zero Carbon Future. UK-Germany Energy Symposium (Royal Academy of Engineering)

Otto, D., Gross, M. 2021: Beyond Leakage and Communication -Reconsidering Trust in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Congress of the European Sociological Association.

Otto, D., Gross, M. 2021: “Unwanted but Unavoidable”. Revisiting Stakeholder Perception towards CCS Technology in Germany. 5th Energy and Society conference.

Otto, D., Pfeiffer, M., Madruga de Brito, M., Gross, M. 2022. Flashbacks and Framing Loops. 20 years of media coverage on carbon capture and storage in Germany. 3rd International Conference on Energy Research & Social Science.

Otto, D., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen,R., Nordø, Å. D., Mendrinos, D., Karytsas, D., Langefeld, A., Bijvoeta, J., Veland, S., Polyzou, O., Gross, M., Puts, H. 2022: How to study societal requirements for little know technologies? Insights from an international research project on the perception of carbon capture and storage in Germany, Greece, Norway and the Netherlands. 3rd International Conference on Energy Research & Social Science.

Otto, D., Sprenkeling, M., Peuchen, R., Nordø, Å. D., Mendrinos, D., Karytsas, S., Langefeld, A., Bijvoeta, J., Veland, S., Polyzou, O., Gross, M., Puts, H. 2022. Does monitoring matter? Understanding the perception and societal requirements for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Germany, Greece, Norway and the Netherlands. EASST – European Association for the Study of Science and Technology, Conference “Politics of technoscientific futures”.

Paap, B., Bhakta, T., Vanderweijer, V. Mannseth, T. 2022: Modeling approach for evaluating time-lapse effects of CO2 storage on particle velocity and strain rate data. EAGE Geotech- Third EAGE Workshop on Distributed Fibre Optic

Pitarka, A., Thomas, P. J., Paap, B., Heggelund, Y., Butcher, A., Matzel, E., Mellors, R. 2021. Understanding Fiber Response With Lab-Scale Tests and Modeling. SSA Seismological Society of America Annual Meeting.

Poletto,F., Bellezza, C., Corubolo, P., Goertz, A., Bergfjord, E.V., Lindgård, J.E. 2019: Seismic While Drilling Using a Large-Aperture Ocean Bottom Array. SEG International Exposition 89th Annual meeting.

Ruiz, H., Lien, M. 2020: Cost-effective reservoir monitoring using seafloor measurements of gravity changes and subsidence. Norwegian Petroleum Society, the Biennial Geophysical Seminar.

Sprenkeling, M., Otto, D., Nordø, Å., D., Mendrinos, D., Peuchen, R., Langefeld, A., Bijvoet, J., Gross, M., Veland, S., Karytsas, S., Polyzou, O., Puts, H. 2022: Stakeholder perceptions and preferences regarding monitoring CO2 storage and its contribution to optimizing the societal embeddedness of CO2 storage projects. 16th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies GHGT-16.

Stork, A., Butcher, A., Hudson,T., Kendall, J.-M., Lapins, S., Zhou, W., Paap, B., Boullenger, B. 2022: Advances in Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) monitoring for CCS projects: The DigiMon project,. SPE CCUS Conference 2022.

Vandeweijer, V., Paap,B., Verdel, A., Mellors, R., Baird, A., Stork, A., Butcher, A. 2021: Modelling the DAS response for offshore CO2 storage sites. 15th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. GHGT-15.

Vandeweijer, V., Candelaa T., Lien, M., Koedel, U., Fechner, T., Bond, T., Zhou, W., Butcher, A., Kendall, J.-M. Stork, A., Mellors, R. 2022: A Technology Readiness Assessment for CCS site monitoring systems. 16th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies GHGT-16.

Zhou W., Butcher A., Kendall J.-M., Stork A. 2022: Enhancing Ambient Noise Interferometry for Das: Selective Stacking and Hybrid Seismic Receivers. EAGE Geotech- Third EAGE Workshop on Distributed Fibre Optic.

Zhou, W., Butcher, A., Kendall, J.-M., Kufner, S.-K., Brisbourne, A. 2022: S-wave velocity profile of an Antarctic ice stream firn layer with ambient seismic recording using Distributed Acoustic Sensing. EGU General Assembly 2022

November 5, 2020: DigiMon Webinar:

• CCS Societal embeddedness - introduction to the SEL methodology, H.Puts, TNO
• Detection of micro-seismicity by DAS - field data from Antarctica, J-M Kendall, University of Oxford.
• Gravimetric monitoring of CCS, B. Fageraas, Octio Environmental Monitoring (ReachSubsea)

April 2021 Stakeholder Workshop Germany: Design Options for Carbon Storage Monitoring Systems

June 16, 2021 DigiMon webinar

• DigiMon status and updates, A.Nøttveit, NORCE, A. Stork, Silixa, M. Lien, Octio EM, H. Puts, TNO
• Using DAS-data for geophysical monitoring, M. Landrø NTNU
• GoMCarb project, T. Meckel, University of Texas

October 2022 DigiMon WP1 webinar. Advancing fibre optic technologies for CO2-storage monitoring

The webinar is recorded and available from Vimeo

• Introductions, A. Nøttveit, NORCE
• Enhancing seismic noise interferometry methods for DAS, A. Butcher & W. Zhou, Univ of Bristol
• Estimation of the DAS transfer function and retrieval of true ground motion: application to a downhole experiment, B. Boullenger, TNO
• Using weakly supervised machine learning to suppress strong random noise in DAS recordings, S. Lapins, Univ of Bristol
• Distributed chemical sensing (DCS) for CO2 leakage monitoring, T. Bond, LLNL

October 2022 DigiMon WP2 webinar. New Developments Within Fiberoptic and Gravimetric Monitoring of Geological CO2 Storage.

The webinar is recorded an available from Vimeo

• Welcome, K. Midttømme
• Crosswell tomography using DAS and conventional seismic methods, U Koedel, Geotomographie GmbH
• Comparison of DSS and conventional seismic for fault stability monitoring T. Candela, TNO
• Forward modeling of (near) reservoir scale DAS signals R. Mellors, (UCSD), A. Pitarka & J. White, (LLNL)
• Integrated interpretation and uncertainty quantification to geophysical monitoring of a North Sea sector model, T. Bhakta, T. Mannseth, NORCE
• Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process to assess the DigiMon system Y. Hegglund, NORCE

October 2022 Dutch Stakeholder Workshop Towards large-scale deployment of CO2 storage with innovative and societal embedded monitoring techniques.

November 2022 DigiMon WP3 webinar. Towards Large-scale Deployment of CO2 Storage with Innovative and Societal Embedded Monitoring Techniques.

• SEL ( Societal Embeddedness Level) methodology, M. Sprenkeling, TNO
• Societal embeddedness of CCS and CCS monitoring D. Mendrinos, S. Karytsas, CRES
• Translating societal challenges into monitoring requirements, D. Otto, UFZ
• Organisation and impact of interdisciplinary work in DigiMon, M. Sprenkeling

March 2023 Greek Stakeholders Workshop "Capture, Transport, Geological Storage and Use of CO2"

S. Oikonomou, L. Pyrgiotis, M. Kotsias, A. Tsikouras, C. Karytsas, D. Mendrinos, S. Karytsas, A. Chalari

Technical publiactions

From Arrhenius to CO2 storage Part III: A Simple Greenhouse Model.
Landrø, M., Amundsen, L. GeoExpro Recent Advances in Technology May 2019

From Arrhenius to CO2 storage Part IV: Challenges and Some Practical Issues.
Landrø, M., Amundsen, Ringrose, P. GeoExpro Recent Advances in Technology May 2019

From Arrhenius to CO2 storage , Part V: Underground Storage of CO2.
Halland, E., Landrø, M., Amundsen, L. GeoExpro Recent Advances in Technology Dec 2019

The DigiMon project has involved development and integration of system components that are available at intermediate to high Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and raising them to a uniformly high TRL.

DigiMon has also succeeded in bridging technology and social science research, particularly through development of the Societal embeddedness Level (SEL) methodology for evaluating social readiness or maturity of CCS projects.

Download the final report to get a full overview of the deliverables and publications.