Thermodynamics is the part of physics dealing with relations between energy, heat and work. This can for instance be used to find relations between pressure, temperature and volume of a gas, to find which reactions and phase transitions will happen spontaneously or not, to calculate the energy required to heat an addition to a chemical process, or to find out what will happen when a mixture of liquid metals is cooled. Since this is a very general set of tools, NORCE applies the methods in many different projects, e.g. within metallurgical industry and within gas transport.